Normalization of the Telangana dialect in Telugu cinema

Concerns about losing cultural identity in Telangana stemmed from fears that the dominant Coastal Andhra culture may overshadow local traditions and languages. Many Telangana residents felt marginalized, noting a lack of representation in media and public life, which has fueled cultural agitation. The movement for a separate state has increasingly emphasized cultural and linguistic differences, as supporters seek to reclaim their heritage and resources from perceived external control, viewing their struggle as a fight against cultural erasure and for self-rule.

The Telangana movement has evolved significantly in terms of cultural identity, transitioning from a struggle for political recognition to a robust assertion of regional culture. Initially marginalized, Telangana's unique cultural practices and dialect gained prominence during the movement, particularly through folk songs and art forms that expressed local grievances and aspirations. Events like Dhoom-Dham became platforms for cultural expression and mobilization, reinforcing collective identity among the people. This cultural resurgence has fostered pride in local traditions, leading to a broader recognition of Telangana's distinct heritage within the context of statehood and social equity demands.

The marginalization of Telangana culture has significantly fueled the movement for separate statehood. Allegations of discrimination by Andhra leaders led to widespread protests, as Telangana residents felt sidelined in government jobs, education, and public services. The first major agitation in 1969 was ignited by a hunger strike demanding safeguards for locals, highlighting the cultural and political grievances of the region. Folk artists and cultural expressions became central to the movement, with figures like Gaddar using music to resonate with the public's frustrations and aspirations. This cultural assertion galvanized support for the movement, emphasizing a distinct Telangana identity against perceived Andhra dominance.

The cultural differences between Telangana and Coastal Andhra are marked by distinct traditions, dialects, and historical influences:

1. Language and Dialect: Telangana Telugu incorporates unique phonetic variations and slang, influenced by local dialects, while Coastal Andhra Telugu is more standardized. The former often reflects a blend of north Indian influences due to historical governance under the Nizams.
2. Festivals: Telangana celebrates unique festivals like Bathukamma and Bonalu, which are deeply rooted in local customs. In contrast, Coastal Andhra emphasizes festivals such as Sankranti and Ugadi, reflecting its agricultural heritage.
3. Cuisine: Telangana cuisine is characterized by spicy dishes and rice-based meals, including Sakkarai Pongal and Biryani, while Coastal Andhra cuisine features milder flavors with a focus on seafood and vegetarian dishes.
4. Art and Craft: Telangana is known for its handicrafts like Nirmal paintings and Banjara needlework, while Coastal Andhra is famous for its Kondapalli toys and traditional weaving techniques.
5. Cultural Practices: The cultural practices in Telangana often emphasize community participation in festivals and rituals, whereas Coastal Andhra traditions may be more influenced by classical arts like Kuchipudi dance.

These differences highlight the rich cultural tapestry that distinguishes the two regions within the Telugu-speaking population.

Media portrayal of the Telangana movement has often been critical and biased, primarily reflecting Andhra-dominant narratives. Reports highlighted the economic grievances of Telangana residents but frequently overlooked cultural aspects, leading to a distorted view of the movement's motivations. As activists emphasized cultural identity, mainstream media initially failed to capture these sentiments, focusing instead on political dynamics. However, local journalists and social media began to counteract this narrative, showcasing folk art and songs that expressed regional pride. Over time, cultural elements gained prominence, illustrating the movement as not just political but deeply rooted in a struggle for identity and self-respect

Filmmakers in Telangana face several challenges in accurately portraying the region's culture:

1. Stereotyping: Historically, Telugu cinema has relied on stereotypes, depicting Telangana dialect and culture negatively, often associating them with comedic or villainous characters
2. Cultural Marginalization: The dominance of Coastal Andhra narratives has overshadowed Telangana's unique cultural identity, leading to a lack of authentic representation in mainstream films
3. Political Sensitivity: The political backdrop of the Telangana statehood movement complicates representation, as filmmakers navigate between cultural authenticity and commercial viability, often facing backlash for misrepresentation

These challenges have prompted a gradual shift towards more positive portrayals, especially post-bifurcation.

Older films often perpetuated several stereotypes about Telangana culture, which contributed to negative perceptions. Common stereotypes included:

1. Crude and Villainous Characters: Telangana dialect was frequently associated with rowdy or villainous characters, used for comic relief or to depict ignorance and lack of sophistication 
2. Loud-Mouthed Women: Female characters from Telangana were often portrayed as loud and uncultured, reinforcing gender stereotypes and depicting them as socially inept 
3. Economic Underclass: Telangana individuals were often characterized as part of the economic underclass, depicted as poor, uneducated, or involved in criminal activities, further marginalizing their identity 
4. Ignorance and Lack of Etiquette: Characters speaking the Telangana dialect were shown as lacking basic social etiquette, often ridiculed by other characters for their language and behavior 

These portrayals contributed to a broader cultural misunderstanding and reinforced negative biases against the people of Telangana.

Since the 1990s, the portrayal of Telangana traditions in films has undergone a significant transformation. Initially, films like Jayammu Nischayammu Raa and Mondi Mogudu Penki Pellam used the Telangana dialect for ridicule, often associating it with villainous characters. This stereotyping contributed to an identity crisis among Telangana people, as the dialect was viewed negatively.However, post-2014, films such as Fidaa, Pelli Choopulu, and iSmart Shankar have embraced the Telangana dialect and culture, reflecting a newfound pride. Modern filmmakers are now showcasing local customs like Bonalu and Bathukamma, moving away from past stereotypes. This evolution highlights a broader acceptance and celebration of Telangana's unique cultural identity in mainstream cinema.

Several films have significantly contributed to the normalization of the Telangana dialect in Telugu cinema:

1. Fidaa: Directed by Shekhar Kammula, this film prominently features the Telangana dialect and has been well-received, marking a shift in representation
2. iSmart Shankar: Puri Jagannadh's film commercialized the dialect, integrating it into mainstream narratives and appealing to a broader audience
3. Arjun Reddy: This film normalized the Hyderabadi-Telugu accent, showcasing a more authentic representation of local culture
4. Pelli Choopulu: Directed by Tharun Bhascker, it brought the Telangana dialect to the forefront, contributing to its acceptance

These films reflect a broader trend towards embracing local dialects and cultures in Telugu cinema.

Contemporary actors and directors view the use of the Telangana dialect in films as a positive development, reflecting a shift in cultural representation. Initially marginalized, the dialect is now embraced as part of mainstream Telugu cinema. Notable filmmakers like Shekhar Kammula have successfully integrated it into popular films like Fidaa, signaling a broader acceptance among audiences across regions

.Producers and young actors are increasingly open to Telangana-centric scripts, recognizing the dialect's authenticity and cultural significance. This change is seen as a way to bridge cultural gaps and acknowledge the diverse identities within the Telugu-speaking population, marking a departure from previous stereotypes that depicted the dialect negatively