Cognitive biases related to caste, particularly in the context of "upper caste" and "lower caste," intersect with psychological phenomena like the Pygmalion effect and the Golem effect. Here's a concise explanation of these concepts and their connections: Cognitive Bias and Caste Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking that influence judgments and decisions. In the context of caste, biases often manifest as stereotypes, prejudices, or assumptions about individuals based on their caste identity ("upper caste" or "lower caste"). These biases are rooted in historical, social, and cultural structures, particularly in societies like India, where the caste system has deep historical significance. Upper Caste Bias : People may unconsciously or consciously assume that individuals from "upper castes" (e.g., Brahmins, Kshatriyas) are inherently more capable, intelligent, or morally superior due to historical privileges and societal...