Nagesh Bhushan In late 2024, India’s intelligence agencies struck a blow against a covert Pakistani espionage network in what has been dubbed Operation Sindoor. The operation unmasked an eclectic array of operatives—YouTubers, security personnel, and local informants—revealing the audacious scope of Pakistan’s grey zone warfare tactics. These shadowy strategies, which exploit the ambiguous space between peace and conflict, are reshaping global security dynamics. For India, a nation navigating a volatile geopolitical neighbourhood, the challenge is acute. Grey zone warfare—encompassing espionage, cyberattacks, and disinformation—demands a response that transcends traditional defence mechanisms. Engaging India’s 1.4 billion citizens as active partners in countering these threats is not just prudent; it is essential. This article examines the nature of grey zone warfare, its implications for India, and proposes a framework for harnessing public participation, drawing lessons from Ope...