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The Chola Dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India, one of the longest-ruling dynasties in world history. The earliest datable references to the Chola are in inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE left by Ashoka, of the Maurya Empire and Kalinga ruler Kharavela’s inscription at Hathigumpa.
As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territory until the 13th century CE. Despite these ancient origins, the period when it now is appropriate to speak of a "Chola Empire" only begins with the medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE. Possibly because much of our history was written by the Delhi centric establishment and the north centric mythology that got integrated with brahminical Hinduism.
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