MOHAN GURUSWAMY:
India has 104 million Adivasis.
Adivasi is the collective term for tribes of the Indian subcontinent, who are considered indigenous to places (i.e., forests) within India wherein they live, either as foragers or as tribalistic sedentary communities. However India not recognise tribe as indigenous people. The term is also used for ethnic minorities, such as Chakmas of Bangladesh, Tharus of Nepal, and Bhils of Pakistan.
They comprise a substantial minority population of India , Nepal and a minority group of the Sri Lankan society called the Vedda, making up 8.6% of India's population, or 104 million people, according to the 2011 census, and a large percentage of the Nepalese population.
Adivasi societies are particularly prominent in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and Northeast India, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Though considered to be the original inhabitants of India, present-day Adivasi formed after the decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation, harboring various degrees of ancestry from ancient hunter-gatherers, IVC-people, Indo-Aryan, and Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burman language speakers.
Adivasi languages can be categorised into five linguistic groupings, namely Andamanese; Austro-Asiatic; Dravidian; Indo-Aryan; and Sino-Tibetan.
Bhil language
Bodo language
Bonda language
Chenchu language
Gamit language
Gondi language
Halbi language
Irula language
Khasi Language
Karbi language
Kui Language
Ho language
Kora language
Kurukh language
Kuki language
Mizo language
Mundari language
Paniya language
Santali language
Tharu language
Varli language
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